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ARS RHETORICA

The third art of the trivium
Rhetoric is the faculty of observing, in any given case, the available means of persuasion of what is true. Grammar asks whether the utterance is well formed; logic asks whether what is said is true. Rhetoric asks whether the hearer is moved to see it. This course is Aristotelian in its principles, Ciceronian in its arrangement, and Augustinian in its offices, because for Augustine the orator aims to teach, delight, and move (docere, delectare, flectere).
How to Proceed

Where to begin. We open the first tutorial, The counterpart of dialectic, and read it through. Then we take The three species at difficulty I. Most sets are ten questions. At difficulty I each is worth ten points, and a clean run of ten is 100. The six offices, the paired debates, and Gorgias’s Helen are sets of six; the Christian orator is a set of eight. The count is shown as we go.

What to do in an exercise. We read the excerpt, and then we answer. A right answer gains points; a wrong answer loses some. Keys 1–4 choose a multiple-choice option; Enter submits. Where the original Latin or Greek can be displayed, the Show the Latin button shows it. Sources for all texts are given in place.

The special sections. Gorgias’s Helen is a tutorial and a figures set of its own (persuasion as a drug; the four aitiai). Antiphon’s Second Tetralogy is kept as forensic. Some key debates from Thucydides (Archidamus and Sthenelaidas, Cleon and Diodotus, Pericles, Catiline and Caesar) are paired below as well. The texts also include Augustine on the Christian orator and some passages from the Confessions.

These sets of exercises were designed by Timothy Kearns, PhD, created and maintained with the assistance of AI, and are extensively revised for clarity and precision.

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SOURCES

Everything this course asserts, and where it comes from
Every study panel and every written exercise item carries the work it came from. We removed a claim that could not be traced to one of these. English is public-domain (Jowett, Crawley, Yonge, Pusey, Van Hook, Storr, Shaw, Watson). Latin, where shown, is Maurist or school text.
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PROGRESS